![]() ![]() The results suggest that stabilizing selection does not limit variability in the female pelvic canal. ![]() Across the samples, canal and noncanal pelvic regions share patterns of variability in females but not males, while variability of the limb skeleton is independent in both sexes. The pelvic canal is the most variable region in both sexes, while size variability (GM) is similar among the three skeletal regions. Skull gorilla male female primate solved. Using nonparametric methods, coefficients were compared between sexes and skeletal regions and correlations among V*s were calculated.įemales and males do not differ in levels of variation for any skeletal region. Animal drawing drawings sketches wolf female male dog cute vs cartoon skeleton tips looking. Size variances were measured as V* of the geometric mean (GM) of the skeletal region variables. Coefficients of variation, adjusted for small sample size (V*), were calculated for variables in separate samples by sex, and mean V*s were taken for the skeletal regions. Osteometric data were collected from the articulated pelvis, os coxa, sacrum, femur, tibia, humerus, radius, and clavicle. Nine human skeletal samples (total female n = 101 male n = 117) representing diverse populations were included. Levels of variation in three skeletal regions (pelvic canal, noncanal pelvis, and limbs) of females and males are compared to each other and between sexes. Conversely, during repeated contractions, female muscles are generally more fatigue resistant and recover faster. females: role of estrogen receptor-beta Male skeletal muscles are generally faster and have higher maximum power output than female muscles. This study tests the hypothesis, a correlate of the obstetric dilemma, that skeletal variability in the human female pelvic canal is limited owing to the action of stabilizing selection. Difference in skeletal muscle function in males vs. ![]()
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